Gum grafting, also known as soft tissue grafting, is a common dental procedure used to treat gum recession and improve the appearance and health of your gums. Gum recession can occur due to various factors such as periodontal (gum) disease, aggressive tooth brushing, genetics or trauma to the gum tissue.
When gums recede, the roots of your teeth become exposed. This can lead to increased tooth sensitivity, especially to hot, cold, sweet or acidic foods and beverages. It may also make your teeth look longer than normal, if left untreated, gum recession can progress, leading to further loss of gum tissue and bone support around the teeth, increasing the risk of tooth mobility or even tooth loss.
What is a Gum Graft?
A gum graft involves taking tissue, typically from the roof of the mouth (palate) or using donor tissue and attaching it to the area where the gums have receded. The goal is to cover the exposed root, restore a more natural gum line and protect the roots of the teeth from further damage.
There are several types of gum grafts, including:
- Connective Tissue Grafts: The most common type, where tissue is taken from under a flap in the roof of your mouth.
- Free Gingival Grafts: Tissue is directly taken from the surface of the palate.
- Pedicle Grafts: Tissue is taken from gum near the affected tooth, rather than another area.
Your periodontist or dentist will recommend the best graft type based on your specific condition.
Why Are Gum Grafts Performed?
Gum grafts serve both functional and cosmetic purposes:
- Stop Further Gum Recession: By covering exposed roots, grafts prevent further gum loss and potential bone deterioration.
- Reduce Tooth Sensitivity: Exposed roots are highly sensitive to temperature and certain foods. Covering them restores comfort.
- Protect Tooth Roots: Roots are more vulnerable to decay and wear without the protective gum tissue.
- Enhance Aesthetics: Uneven or receding gums can affect the appearance of your smile. A graft can create a more balanced gum line.
What Causes Gum Recession?
Understanding what causes gum recession can help you prevent future issues:
- Periodontal Disease: Bacterial infections that damage gum tissue and supporting bone.
- Aggressive Brushing: Using too much force or a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear down gum tissue.
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Plaque and tartar buildup can lead to gum inflammation and recession.
- Tobacco Use: Smoking or chewing tobacco contributes significantly to gum problems.
- Genetics: Some people are more prone to gum disease and recession.
- Teeth Grinding or Clenching: This can put excess force on teeth, affecting gum health.
What to Expect During and After the Procedure
Gum grafting is usually performed under local anesthesia, sometimes with sedation for patient comfort. The procedure is relatively quick, often completed in one visit, depending on the extent of the recession.
After the procedure:
- Expect some mild discomfort or swelling, which typically resolves in a few days.
- You may need to eat soft foods and avoid certain activities, such as vigorous brushing, while healing.
- Your dentist will give you detailed post-operative care instructions to ensure proper healing.
Long-Term Benefits of Gum Grafts
- Improved Oral Health: Protects teeth and supporting structures from damage.
- Aesthetic Enhancement: Restores a youthful, healthy-looking smile.
- Increased Comfort: Reduces or eliminates sensitivity.
Once contributing factors like gum disease or improper brushing techniques are addressed, a gum graft can provide long-lasting results, preventing additional gum recession and bone loss.
Final Thoughts
If you notice that your teeth look longer, or you experience increased sensitivity, especially near the gum line, don’t ignore the signs. Early intervention with procedures like gum grafting can save you from more complex dental problems in the future. Talk to your dentist about whether a soft tissue graft is right for you, and take the first step toward restoring your smile and oral health.
